Part of the soft OR process involves clear identification of the problems to be
solved through elicitation of both the decisions to be made and objectives to be
achieved. Facilitated modeling (Franco and Montibeller 2010) approaches such as
problem structuring methods (PSMs) are thus sets of tools used to frame an issue
within its relevant context (Mingers and Rosenhead 2001). The process involved in
PSMs varies somewhat with the particular kind of method employed, but generally
all PSMs have some common traits (Mingers and Rosenhead 2004): (1) integrating
multiple perspectives, (2) being cognitively simple for participants to understand
and engage with, (3) operating iteratively, and (4) allowing micro-level approaches.
Some common types of PSMs include soft systems methodologies (Checkland and
Scholes 1990; Ackermann 2012), drama theory (Bryant 2007) cognitive and causal
mapping (Bryson et al. 2004) and strategic choice approach (Friend and Hickling
2004).
Soft OR, in addition to methods, constitutes engagement between people—OR
experts and clients—aimed at bringing the client to insight, understanding, and
ultimately action (Eden and Ackermann 2004). While soft OR involves activities
such as problem identification and modeling, it also involves flexible and often
facilitated conversations as a key means of advancing client thinking, while explicit
modeling is used only when it will help accomplish that purpose. In fact, soft OR
engagements often create the greatest value by bringing disagreements and
uncomfortable issues to the fore so that they can be explicitly considered as part of
planning and decision-making.
Part of the soft OR process involves clear identification of the problems to be
solved through elicitation of both the decisions to be made and objectives to be
achieved. Facilitated modeling (Franco and Montibeller 2010) approaches such as
problem structuring methods (PSMs) are thus sets of tools used to frame an issue
within its relevant context (Mingers and Rosenhead 2001). The process involved in
PSMs varies somewhat with the particular kind of method employed, but generally
all PSMs have some common traits (Mingers and Rosenhead 2004): (1) integrating
multiple perspectives, (2) being cognitively simple for participants to understand
and engage with, (3) operating iteratively, and (4) allowing micro-level approaches.
Some common types of PSMs include soft systems methodologies (Checkland and
Scholes 1990; Ackermann 2012), drama theory (Bryant 2007) cognitive and causal
mapping (Bryson et al. 2004) and strategic choice approach (Friend and Hickling
2004).
Soft OR, in addition to methods, constitutes engagement between people—OR
experts and clients—aimed at bringing the client to insight, understanding, and
ultimately action (Eden and Ackermann 2004). While soft OR involves activities
such as problem identification and modeling, it also involves flexible and often
facilitated conversations as a key means of advancing client thinking, while explicit
modeling is used only when it will help accomplish that purpose. In fact, soft OR
engagements often create the greatest value by bringing disagreements and
uncomfortable issues to the fore so that they can be explicitly considered as part of
planning and decision-making.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
