Beer also contains more complex B vitamins and proteins than wine (Denke, 2000).
Wine contains very little sugar (0.2%), the sugars that it does contain are mainly glucose and fructose. With regard to the total sugar content of the distilled beverages, whisky has no sugar, and the cachaça that was used contains 2.2% total sugar. Therefore, the total sugar contents of the beverages used in the study vary considerably, and this could affect the results obtained for the plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.