BET analysis using ASAP2020 Surface Area and Porosity
Analyzer (Micromeritics Instrument Corporation) was conducted
to measure the pore size distribution and pore structure of the
PVDF and PVDF–PVP membranes.
Elemental analysis was used to indicate the elementary composition
of the PVDF and PVDF–PVP membranes. The weight percent
of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and fluorine in each
membrane sample were determined from an elemental analyzer
(EA1110, Carco Erba Co., Italy).