2. A typical solid-fuel-fired retort boiler
Retort boilers are suitable for heating one or two houses, farm
buildings, large municipal facilities, industrial plants, etc. They also
provide hot water for home use. Fig. 1 shows a typical design of
such a boiler.
A typical retort unit consists of fuel container and two main
heating parts: radiative and convective sections.
The screw feeder supplies appropriately prepared fuel from a
fuel container to a retort burner located in the combustion chamber
(radiative section) of the boiler. Air is supplied to the combustion
chamber by means of a fan. Inside the air duct the air stream is split
into a primary air that is delivered directly to the coal bed and
secondary air delivered to the area above the retort burner. Combustion
is controlled by means of a microprocessor controller that
controls the amount of supplied fuel and air. Safe operation of
boilers is assured by sensors that signal any fault and trigger an
appropriate action. Retort boilers are furnished with a very specific
component, the so called deflector that is suspended at some
height above the retort and whose role is to prolong presence of
combustion products in the zone of high temperatures. Such a
design guarantees better combustion [5].
Operation of such appliances is limited to refilling the fuel
container once per three or four days and to removing ash. The ash
formed during boiler operation falls down to a special ash-pan
drawer being pushed down and expelled by new fuel supplied to
the furnace. The ash-pan drawer is located in the bottom part of the
boiler and must be emptied as needed. From time to time the entire
boiler must be cleaned from soot and ash that deposits on inner
walls of the boiler. Access to inner parts of the boilers is possible via
purposefully designed inspection flaps. The boiler presented in
Fig. 1 is the subject matter of this study [5]. Reliable and fault free
operation of retort boilers is only possible with the use of
adequately prepared fuel. Such a fuel must have appropriate
physical and chemical properties to enable smooth operation and
long lifetime (proper granulation, lack of mechanical contamination,
low sintering power, high temperature of ash sintering and
softening) combined with low content of sulphur, ash and relatively
high calorific value. Table 1 provides the proximate and ultimate
analysis of EKORET coal used in these investigations. The sieve
analysis has demonstrated that EKORET coal is made up of particles
with sizes that range within a narrow interval. The average diameter
of the examined coal is 0.02 m
2. A typical solid-fuel-fired retort boiler
Retort boilers are suitable for heating one or two houses, farm
buildings, large municipal facilities, industrial plants, etc. They also
provide hot water for home use. Fig. 1 shows a typical design of
such a boiler.
A typical retort unit consists of fuel container and two main
heating parts: radiative and convective sections.
The screw feeder supplies appropriately prepared fuel from a
fuel container to a retort burner located in the combustion chamber
(radiative section) of the boiler. Air is supplied to the combustion
chamber by means of a fan. Inside the air duct the air stream is split
into a primary air that is delivered directly to the coal bed and
secondary air delivered to the area above the retort burner. Combustion
is controlled by means of a microprocessor controller that
controls the amount of supplied fuel and air. Safe operation of
boilers is assured by sensors that signal any fault and trigger an
appropriate action. Retort boilers are furnished with a very specific
component, the so called deflector that is suspended at some
height above the retort and whose role is to prolong presence of
combustion products in the zone of high temperatures. Such a
design guarantees better combustion [5].
Operation of such appliances is limited to refilling the fuel
container once per three or four days and to removing ash. The ash
formed during boiler operation falls down to a special ash-pan
drawer being pushed down and expelled by new fuel supplied to
the furnace. The ash-pan drawer is located in the bottom part of the
boiler and must be emptied as needed. From time to time the entire
boiler must be cleaned from soot and ash that deposits on inner
walls of the boiler. Access to inner parts of the boilers is possible via
purposefully designed inspection flaps. The boiler presented in
Fig. 1 is the subject matter of this study [5]. Reliable and fault free
operation of retort boilers is only possible with the use of
adequately prepared fuel. Such a fuel must have appropriate
physical and chemical properties to enable smooth operation and
long lifetime (proper granulation, lack of mechanical contamination,
low sintering power, high temperature of ash sintering and
softening) combined with low content of sulphur, ash and relatively
high calorific value. Table 1 provides the proximate and ultimate
analysis of EKORET coal used in these investigations. The sieve
analysis has demonstrated that EKORET coal is made up of particles
with sizes that range within a narrow interval. The average diameter
of the examined coal is 0.02 m
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