Are quite common, as they concentrate benefits on organized groups the support enjoyed by these policies from powerful economic interests easily offsets any perception of giveaways types 5 and 6 are likely to be least common because they concentrate costs on organized groups yet, such a generalization requires consideration of the distinction between these two policy types, the old economic regulation and the new social regulation.23
Type 6, the old regulation assures provision on reasonable terms of services that occasion indivisible consequences when consumed. Old regulation is therefore, necessarily confined to the specific to the specific industries that provide these services railroads, airlines electric utilities telephone companies. As a result, attempts to implement, telephone companies. As a result attempts to implement policy type 6, through literal and unprejudiced public coercion, frequently encounters industry specific, focused, and cohesive opposition that is difficult, if not impossible, to overcome.
Specific industries are politically potent enough to use government regulation to avoid concentrated costs and to elicit concentrated benefits. Historically, the transportation industry demonstrated notable skill in this regard commonly using regulation to erect barriers to market entry and to enhance the economic position of existing firms at the expense of potential competitors. Marver Bernstein’s now-classic development of the capture thesis focuses particular attention, not accidentally, on the interstate commerce commission.24 old regulation, as Bernstein counsels, may be difficult to inaugurate and may initially generate high levels of conflict. Once inaugurated, however, conflict likely recedes as stable patterns of cooperation settle in.
Are quite common, as they concentrate benefits on organized groups the support enjoyed by these policies from powerful economic interests easily offsets any perception of giveaways types 5 and 6 are likely to be least common because they concentrate costs on organized groups yet, such a generalization requires consideration of the distinction between these two policy types,เดิมเศรษฐกิจกฎระเบียบและระเบียบทางสังคมใหม่ ประเภท 23
6 , ระเบียบเก่า มั่นใจว่า การให้บริการในเงื่อนไขที่เหมาะสมโอกาสที่แบ่งแยกที่จะตามมาเมื่อใช้ ระเบียบเก่าจึงต้องถูกคุมขังในที่เฉพาะเจาะจงให้เฉพาะอุตสาหกรรมที่ให้บริการเหล่านี้รถไฟ สายการบิน บริษัท สาธารณูปโภค ไฟฟ้า โทรศัพท์ ผลพยายามที่จะใช้ บริษัท โทรศัพท์ เป็นผลมาจากความพยายามที่จะใช้ชนิดของนโยบายที่ 6 ผ่านตัวอักษรและความไม่ลำเอียงสาธารณะการบีบบังคับ มักพบอุตสาหกรรมที่เฉพาะเจาะจง มีสมาธิ และน่าสนใจการเป็นเรื่องยากหากไม่เป็นไปไม่ได้ที่จะเอาชนะ
Specific industries are politically potent enough to use government regulation to avoid concentrated costs and to elicit concentrated benefits. Historically, the transportation industry demonstrated notable skill in this regard commonly using regulation to erect barriers to market entry and to enhance the economic position of existing firms at the expense of potential competitors. Marver Bernstein’s now-classic development of the capture thesis focuses particular attention, not accidentally, on the interstate commerce commission.24 old regulation, as Bernstein counsels, may be difficult to inaugurate and may initially generate high levels of conflict. Once inaugurated, however, conflict likely recedes as stable patterns of cooperation settle in.
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