The WIHIC questionnaire combines modified versions of salient scales from a wide range of existing questionnaires with additional scales that accommodate contemporary educational concerns (eg, equity and constructivism), The original 90-item nine-scale version was refined both by statistical analysis of data from 355 junior high school science students and by extensive interviewing of students about their views of their classroom environments in general, the wording and salience of individual items, and their questionnaire responses (Fraser, Fisher, & McRobbie, 1996).