In order to find evidence of any relevant change in the fabric surface due to treatment with the hybrid sols, analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed.
Images for treated and untreated cotton fabrics are shown in SEM measurements were carried out to investigate the difference between the surfaces of the untreated cotton fabric and of the modified TiO2 samples, both with and without PEG
treated by pure TiO2 sols for both the concentrations used (0.025 M and 0.25 M) show agglomerated particles and several fractures in the titania coating