Pursuing the organized crime element of IUU fishing is a daunting
proposition for both fishery managers and law enforcement. It is also essential.
While most states acknowledge that IUU fishing is not just an environmental
security threat but also a human security threat, this recognition has not, with
some notable exceptions such as the Lacey Act, been reflected in the fishery
laws. While states fail to coordinate their fishing management and enforcement
regimes across boundaries, criminal networks find themselves facing few
obstacles and many new opportunities for markets that remain relatively
unregulated. Today, for example, illegal fish can theoretically be bought and
sold using bitcoins on “deep web” portions of the internet with little