Motivation has been a highly important variable, as reflected in the fact that every
learning model either explicitly or implicitly incorporates a theory of motivation
From an academic or school perspective, recent motivational models consider motivation
as a hypothetical construct that explains the start, direction and perseverance of behavior
aimed at a given academic goal focused on learning, achievement, the ego, social value or
work avoidance (García et al., 1998). Additionally, four components are involved in this process
(Pintrich and De Groot, 1990): the value that students assign to the goals, perception of
their competence, causal attributions and emotional reactions.