Introduction: Longitudinal barriers, such as guardrails, are designed to prevent a vehicle that leaves the
roadway from impacting a more dangerous object while minimizing the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants.
Current full-scale test procedures for these devices do not consider the effect of occupant restraints such as
seatbelts and airbags. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which restraints are used or
deployed in longitudinal barrier collisions and their subsequent effect on occupant injury.Methods:Binary
logistic regression models were generated to predict occupant injury risk using data from the National
Automotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System from 1997 through 2007.Results:In tow-away
longitudinal barrier crashes, airbag deployment rates were 70% for airbag-equipped vehicles. Compared with
unbelted occupants without an airbag available, seat belt restrained occupants with an airbag available had a
dramatically decreased risk of receiving a serious (MAIS 3+) injury (odds-ratio (OR) =0.03; 95% CI: 0.004-0.24). A similar decrease was observed among those restrained by seat belts, but without an airbag available
(OR=0.03; 95% CI: 0.001- 0.79). No significant differences in risk of serious injuries were observed between
unbelted occupants with an airbag available compared with unbelted occupants without an airbag available
(OR=0.53; 95% CI =0.10-2.68).Impact on Industry: This study refutes the perception in the roadside safety
community that airbags rarely deploy in frontal barrier crashes, and suggests that current longitudinal barrier
occupant risk criteria may over-estimate injury potential for restrained occupants involved in a longitudinal
barrier crash.
Introduction: Longitudinal barriers, such as guardrails, are designed to prevent a vehicle that leaves theroadway from impacting a more dangerous object while minimizing the risk of injury to the vehicle occupants.Current full-scale test procedures for these devices do not consider the effect of occupant restraints such asseatbelts and airbags. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which restraints are used ordeployed in longitudinal barrier collisions and their subsequent effect on occupant injury.Methods:Binarylogistic regression models were generated to predict occupant injury risk using data from the NationalAutomotive Sampling System / Crashworthiness Data System from 1997 through 2007.Results:In tow-awaylongitudinal barrier crashes, airbag deployment rates were 70% for airbag-equipped vehicles. Compared withunbelted occupants without an airbag available, seat belt restrained occupants with an airbag available had adramatically decreased risk of receiving a serious (MAIS 3+) injury (odds-ratio (OR) =0.03; 95% CI: 0.004-0.24). A similar decrease was observed among those restrained by seat belts, but without an airbag available(OR=0.03; 95% CI: 0.001- 0.79). No significant differences in risk of serious injuries were observed betweenunbelted occupants with an airbag available compared with unbelted occupants without an airbag available(OR=0.53; 95% CI =0.10-2.68).Impact on Industry: This study refutes the perception in the roadside safetycommunity that airbags rarely deploy in frontal barrier crashes, and suggests that current longitudinal barrieroccupant risk criteria may over-estimate injury potential for restrained occupants involved in a longitudinalbarrier crash.
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