In construction projects, activities are typically
divided into functional areas, which are performed
by different disciplines (e.g. architects, engineers, and
contractors) and that therefore operate independently.
Invariably, each discipline makes decisions without
considering its impact on others [23]. Moreover, these
functional disciplines often develop their own objectives,
goals, and value systems. As a result, each discipline
has become dedicated to the optimisation of its
own function with little regard to, or understanding of,