The primary effectiveness outcome of the study included both short (≤3 months) and long-term (6–12 months) pain reduction. The time points were extracted from individual trials that were closest to the pre-specified follow-up endpoints of this study. Various scales were used to measure pain across eligible studies [17]; Thus, if data on more than one scale for pain were provided in the available article, the previously developed hierarchy by Juhl et al. [18] was utilized.