Laclau and mouffe think of a discursive formation as ‘a configuration, which in certain contexts of exteriority cain be signified as a totality’ (Laclau and mouffe, 1985: 106). Their language and approach stem from the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure (1966). Saussure argued the link between a signified (or concept) and a signifier (or word) is arbitrary. Any signifier can evoke any signified provided only that it differs from other signifiers. The value of any signifier comes solely from relations of difference in a system of signs. Poststructuralists often suggest the relation between concepts gain meaning only from the relations of difference among them.
A Saussurean legacy appears in three prominent features of Laclau and Mouffe’s idea of discourse. First, Laclau and mouffe dismiss concerns with the relationship of discourses to any extra-discursive reality. Sometimes they imply the world, including class antagonisms, is a product of discourses. At other times they allow for an extra-discursive reality while contending that only signs in existing discourses can be grasped. Secondly, Laclau and mouffe stress the constitutive role of relations of difference both within and between discourses. They imply that in any given discourse a binary structure governs identities, and all discourses are defined by opposition to an excluded other. Thirdly, Laclau and Mouffe dismiss agency. They argue that discourses define what individuals can say and do. And they analyze discourses in terms of structural relations among signs, not the ways agents use language.
Laclau and mouffe think of a discursive formation as ‘a configuration, which in certain contexts of exteriority cain be signified as a totality’ (Laclau and mouffe, 1985: 106). Their language and approach stem from the linguistics of Ferdinand de Saussure (1966). Saussure argued the link between a signified (or concept) and a signifier (or word) is arbitrary. Any signifier can evoke any signified provided only that it differs from other signifiers. The value of any signifier comes solely from relations of difference in a system of signs. Poststructuralists often suggest the relation between concepts gain meaning only from the relations of difference among them. A Saussurean legacy appears in three prominent features of Laclau and Mouffe’s idea of discourse. First, Laclau and mouffe dismiss concerns with the relationship of discourses to any extra-discursive reality. Sometimes they imply the world, including class antagonisms, is a product of discourses. At other times they allow for an extra-discursive reality while contending that only signs in existing discourses can be grasped. Secondly, Laclau and mouffe stress the constitutive role of relations of difference both within and between discourses. They imply that in any given discourse a binary structure governs identities, and all discourses are defined by opposition to an excluded other. Thirdly, Laclau and Mouffe dismiss agency. They argue that discourses define what individuals can say and do. And they analyze discourses in terms of structural relations among signs, not the ways agents use language.
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