In summary, molecular dynamic simulations have been performed systematically to explore the adsorption of
Vpr13-33 on GO. The simulation results confirm that GO can induce conformation change and aggregation of
Vpr13-33. The conformation of Vpr13-33 on GO surface is highly stable via π -π stacking and electrostatic interactions, while electrostatic interactions and steric effect prevent Vpr13-33 further unfolding. Compared with the
adsorption of peptides on pristine graphene, where two peptides are dimeric, the peptides are separately located
on GO surface, since the interactions between each peptide and GO are much stronger than interpeptide hydrophobic interactions.