The production of biofuels, bioenergy and chemical intermediates from biomass is a promising solution
to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions. While a significant research
effort has been devoted to biomass production and conversion processes, the importance of logistics was
detected more recently. Indeed, efficient supply chains are essential to provide conversion facilities with
sufficient quantities of quality biomass at reasonable prices. As large territories and hundreds of biomass
producers are involved, quantitative models are very useful to evaluate and optimize the resources
required, the associated costs, the energy consumptions and the environmental impacts. This article
surveys the recent research on models for biomass supply chains, from an Operations Research
perspective. 124 references, including 72 published since 2010, have been analyzed to present the
structures and the activities of these chains, a typology of decisions in three levels (strategic, tactical and
operational), and a review of models based either on performance evaluation techniques (e.g., simulation)
or mathematical optimization. A conclusion underlines the contributions and shortcomings of
current research and suggests possible directions.