The most common communication technologies and
protocols of smart objects transmit on the unlicensed spectrum.
Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15.1) is a standard normally used in mobile phones, in hands-free headsets for transferring data or
as a replacement of IrDA on remote controls. However, IrDA
hardware is still less expensive and does not share the same
security problems encountered with wireless technologies
such as Bluetooth. Wireless sensors use the IEEE 802.15.4
protocol, which characterizes the Low Rate Wireless Personal
Area Network (LR WPAN). ZigBee is an extension of 802.15.4
supported by ZigBee Alliance, which enables the connectivity
of the devices in a mesh network architecture and is able to
support thousands of sensors, in comparison to the normal IPbased
protocols, which have a limited range. Low power IEEE
802.11 uses chips that are optimized for low power
consumption, especially when the device is on standby mode.
Powerline Communication (PLC) systems (IEEE, 1901) exploit
conductors used for electric power transmission for data
transmission. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology
includes a small RF transmitter and receiver, that
usually operate at a low frequency and are mainly used for
identifying or tracking objects (Vasseuret al, 2010).