•Eventually the Chinese authorities defeated the Taiping Rebellion, and kept Christianity in check.
•But even so, reformers wanted to modernize Confucianism and also Buddhism to make them more rational, and less attached to what they regarded as superstitious practices.
•Parallel reforms were taking place among Hindus in India, Buddhists in Sri Lanka, and others in this period.
•They tried to match the influence of missionaries and European powers by adopting some Western notions of rationalism.