Questionnaire
The questionnaire was devised in order to test the findings from the focus group interviews. Asked, ‘how easy do you find it to hear a) whether the music goes up or down, b) whether it goes by steps or leaps and c) precise intervals, the students found a) the easiest and c) the hardest. The most frequently used strategies for attempting the task were, ‘pencilling the notes lightly on the score’, ‘singing your written notes in your head’ and ‘singing the missing music lots of times, in your head’. The least frequent were, ‘working out the key of the music’, singing the scale of the music in your head’ and ‘drawing the written notes in the air, with your hand’. Asked to describe additional strategies, students’ responses were mostly differently-worded versions of, ‘looking at different notes already played and written, and comparing [those] to the notes you are trying to work out’. (One person wrote, apparently without irony, ‘guessing the notes’.)
Asked whether the computer helped or hindered them, the responses were unanimously positive; for instance, one wrote, ‘it’s a lot easier’. The reasons given centred around the ability to hear the music many times; as one person wrote, ‘you can play the music over and over again, rewind to the place where the missing notes are, and replay the particular section’. One person also noted, ‘I could use a keyboard to work it out’. Asked, ‘what do you plan to do to improve your ability to answer this type of question?’, most responses mentioned more revision, more practice papers and ‘do similar questions on a website for schools’. Half the questionnaires stated an intention to practice one or more techniques I had taught. Relevant comments included, ‘look at manuscript and follow it as the music plays’; ‘listen to different types of music and work out how many notes it goes up/down, using “drawing notes” and “signing notes”’ and ‘Listen to more bits of music and practice singing the scales of them’. One student wrote, ‘listen to more classical music’.
Observation
During the final teaching session I was able to observe four students, who had not previously completed the tasks, working at computers with headphones, listening to the music and completing the examination-type tasks I had given them. I observed silently, joining them in conversation only if they instigated this. They used Windows Media Player to listen to the tracks, and often appeared to listen to the first minute or so several times, before committing themselves to writing on the page. I saw only one person draw the melody in the air, using very small hand movements. I observed one student listening and winding back the music four or more times without committing himself to writing. When he spoke to me, I asked him, ‘how do you know which are the missing notes?’ He told me that he imagined playing a keyboard on the table he was working at. When I asked him, ‘can you show me?’ he activated the music and used the rubber on the end of his pencil to ‘play’ the imaginary keyboard.
Questionnaire The questionnaire was devised in order to test the findings from the focus group interviews. Asked, ‘how easy do you find it to hear a) whether the music goes up or down, b) whether it goes by steps or leaps and c) precise intervals, the students found a) the easiest and c) the hardest. The most frequently used strategies for attempting the task were, ‘pencilling the notes lightly on the score’, ‘singing your written notes in your head’ and ‘singing the missing music lots of times, in your head’. The least frequent were, ‘working out the key of the music’, singing the scale of the music in your head’ and ‘drawing the written notes in the air, with your hand’. Asked to describe additional strategies, students’ responses were mostly differently-worded versions of, ‘looking at different notes already played and written, and comparing [those] to the notes you are trying to work out’. (One person wrote, apparently without irony, ‘guessing the notes’.)Asked whether the computer helped or hindered them, the responses were unanimously positive; for instance, one wrote, ‘it’s a lot easier’. The reasons given centred around the ability to hear the music many times; as one person wrote, ‘you can play the music over and over again, rewind to the place where the missing notes are, and replay the particular section’. One person also noted, ‘I could use a keyboard to work it out’. Asked, ‘what do you plan to do to improve your ability to answer this type of question?’, most responses mentioned more revision, more practice papers and ‘do similar questions on a website for schools’. Half the questionnaires stated an intention to practice one or more techniques I had taught. Relevant comments included, ‘look at manuscript and follow it as the music plays’; ‘listen to different types of music and work out how many notes it goes up/down, using “drawing notes” and “signing notes”’ and ‘Listen to more bits of music and practice singing the scales of them’. One student wrote, ‘listen to more classical music’.Observation During the final teaching session I was able to observe four students, who had not previously completed the tasks, working at computers with headphones, listening to the music and completing the examination-type tasks I had given them. I observed silently, joining them in conversation only if they instigated this. They used Windows Media Player to listen to the tracks, and often appeared to listen to the first minute or so several times, before committing themselves to writing on the page. I saw only one person draw the melody in the air, using very small hand movements. I observed one student listening and winding back the music four or more times without committing himself to writing. When he spoke to me, I asked him, ‘how do you know which are the missing notes?’ He told me that he imagined playing a keyboard on the table he was working at. When I asked him, ‘can you show me?’ he activated the music and used the rubber on the end of his pencil to ‘play’ the imaginary keyboard.
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