and its advantage is lower energydemand because of lack of the starch gelatinization and liquefactionsteps. Also some improvements for direct conversion of starch
to ethanol technology were done. Balcerek and Pielech-Przybylska
[22] studied, among other, the effect of thermal prehydrolysis of
triticale meal using a-amylase and application of protease on the
process of raw starch hydrolysis and fermentation. They discovered
that better efficiency of fermentation was obtained without
thermal activation but with added proteolytic enzyme. Montalbo-
Lomboy et al.