Calcium hexaboride is used in the manufacturing of boron-alloyed steel [5] and as a deoxidation agent in production of oxygen-free copper. The latter results in higher conductivity than conventionally phosphorus-deoxidized copper owing to the low solubility of boron in copper.[6] CaB6 can also serve as a high temperature material, surface protection, abrasives, tools, and wear resistant material.
CaB6 is highly conductive, has low work function, and thus can be used as a hot cathode material. When used at elevated temperature, calcium hexaboride will oxidize degrading its properties and shortening its usable lifespan.[13]
CaB6 is also a promising candidate for n-type thermoelectric materials, because its power factor is larger than or comparable to that of common thermoelectric materials Bi2Te3 and PbTe.[7]
CaB also can be used as an antioxidant in carbon bonded refractories.