It might be argued that some existing research could be reworked in terms of social exchange theory. A review of existing research in the context of exchange theory was made, but it does not appear plausible since it is fraught with problems. First, it is questionable to attribute the findings of previous research into an exchange framework when the objectives of such research served a specific and different purpose. The establishment of a relationship between the findings of previous research and suggested propositions may be tenuous and overly simplistic. Second, the variables used and measured in previous research are not comparable with those used in an exchange framework. Third, there is difficulty in suggesting and making assertions about a relationship without adequate support.
Some of the propositions, especially those pertaining to the antecedents of the exchange relation and evaluation of exchange consequences, appear tautological. This is an inherent attribute of the proposition when terminology is borrowed and used from operant behavior and it may, therefore, be considered a limitation. However, it is important to recognize the contextual setting for each proposition and remember that it is applied in a dynamic situation and that each proposition represents one aspect of a process. Furthermore, Emerson's (1972, 1981) exchange framework, upon which the model is based, focuses on the form of the exchange relation as the unit of analysis which, as discussed in this paper, resolves the criticism of tautology.
The proposed model seeks to extend existing knowledge through developing a theoretical orientation toward understanding and predicting residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism; and providing a basis for identification and definition of the central concepts involved in measuring residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism. In addition, this paper indicates application of social exchange theory can be used in a tourism setting. In developing and proposing this theoretical orientation for future research on residents' perceptions of tourism, it is hoped that further theoretical development and understanding of this subject will be stimulated.
Acknowledgement—The author would like to thank John Crompton, Jane Sell, and Sarah Richardson of Texas A&M University and Mark Searle of Manitoba University for their advice and constructive comments during the preparation of this paper.
It might be argued that some existing research could be reworked in terms of social exchange theory. A review of existing research in the context of exchange theory was made, but it does not appear plausible since it is fraught with problems. First, it is questionable to attribute the findings of previous research into an exchange framework when the objectives of such research served a specific and different purpose. The establishment of a relationship between the findings of previous research and suggested propositions may be tenuous and overly simplistic. Second, the variables used and measured in previous research are not comparable with those used in an exchange framework. Third, there is difficulty in suggesting and making assertions about a relationship without adequate support.
Some of the propositions, especially those pertaining to the antecedents of the exchange relation and evaluation of exchange consequences, appear tautological. This is an inherent attribute of the proposition when terminology is borrowed and used from operant behavior and it may, therefore, be considered a limitation. However, it is important to recognize the contextual setting for each proposition and remember that it is applied in a dynamic situation and that each proposition represents one aspect of a process. Furthermore, Emerson's (1972, 1981) exchange framework, upon which the model is based, focuses on the form of the exchange relation as the unit of analysis which, as discussed in this paper, resolves the criticism of tautology.
The proposed model seeks to extend existing knowledge through developing a theoretical orientation toward understanding and predicting residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism; and providing a basis for identification and definition of the central concepts involved in measuring residents' perceptions of the impacts of tourism. In addition, this paper indicates application of social exchange theory can be used in a tourism setting. In developing and proposing this theoretical orientation for future research on residents' perceptions of tourism, it is hoped that further theoretical development and understanding of this subject will be stimulated.
Acknowledgement—The author would like to thank John Crompton, Jane Sell, and Sarah Richardson of Texas A&M University and Mark Searle of Manitoba University for their advice and constructive comments during the preparation of this paper.
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