The problem of assisting poor countries to fund environmental care is being addressed; one initiative is the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), launched in 1990 as a corporate venture between governments of industrialised and developing countries. The GEF is jointly managed by the World Bank, UNDP and UNEP to assist developing countries to tackle globally relevant environmental problems such as climate change; loss of biodiversity; management of international waters; and stratospheric ozone depletion. The GEF is targeted at poorer countries and involves NGOs in identifying, monitoring and implementing projects. There were efforts in 1992 at the Earth Summit to increase the profile of the GEF. Criticisms include the complaint that donors to the GEF have simply cut back on other aid to finance it; that participation is not open enough or wide enough; and that some developing countries want poverty alleviation included.