Recently, dietary pattern analysis has emerged as an alternative
and complementary approach to examining the relationship
between diet and the risk of chronic diseases. Instead of
looking at individual nutrients or foods, pattern analysis
examines the effects of overall diet. Conceptually, dietary
patterns represent a broader picture of food and nutrient
consumption, and may thus be more predictive of disease risk
than individual foods or nutrients. Several studies have
suggested that dietary patterns derived from factor or cluster
analysis predict disease risk or mortality. In addition, there is
growing interest in using dietary quality indices to evaluate
whether adherence to a certain dietary pattern (e.g.
Mediterranean pattern) or current dietary guidelines lowers the
risk of disease. In this review, we describe the rationale for
studying dietary patterns, and discuss quantitative methods for
analysing dietary patterns and their reproducibility and validity,
and the available evidence regarding the relationship between
major dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease
Recently, dietary pattern analysis has emerged as an alternative
and complementary approach to examining the relationship
between diet and the risk of chronic diseases. Instead of
looking at individual nutrients or foods, pattern analysis
examines the effects of overall diet. Conceptually, dietary
patterns represent a broader picture of food and nutrient
consumption, and may thus be more predictive of disease risk
than individual foods or nutrients. Several studies have
suggested that dietary patterns derived from factor or cluster
analysis predict disease risk or mortality. In addition, there is
growing interest in using dietary quality indices to evaluate
whether adherence to a certain dietary pattern (e.g.
Mediterranean pattern) or current dietary guidelines lowers the
risk of disease. In this review, we describe the rationale for
studying dietary patterns, and discuss quantitative methods for
analysing dietary patterns and their reproducibility and validity,
and the available evidence regarding the relationship between
major dietary patterns and the risk of cardiovascular disease
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