1. Introduction
Effective national food control systems are critical in enabling
countries to assure the safety and quality of their foods entering
international trade. The new global environment for food trade
places considerable obligations to implement and enforce riskbased
food control strategies (FAO/OMS, 2003a). To ensure a riskbased
decision-making process, a risk analysis model finds its
statement in the working principles in the framework of the Codex
Alimentarius. Although there should be a functional separation
between RA and RM, an interaction between risk managers and risk
assessors is essential for practical application (Codex Alimentarius
Commission, 2007). The management of the food control systems
varies from one country to another depending on the historical
context and the socio-economic and political imperatives.
Article XXb of the GATT 1947 allowed exceptions for measures
necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health (WTO,
2013a). But liberalization remains a challenge for the health. The
WTO created in 1995, has introduced a number of trade agreements
concerning these measures including the SPS Agreement.
Despite these agreements, several different regulations, lack of
scientific evidence and any exceptions of the article (art.) 2.2 have
been brought in front of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The art.
2.2 of the SPS Agreement has proposed a sufficient scientific evidence
for each measure (WTO, 1995). This scientific evidence had
become a great discussion between countries. However, food safety
quality policy determines the national food control system adopted
by a country. This policy depends mainly on three factors:
1. Introduction
Effective national food control systems are critical in enabling
countries to assure the safety and quality of their foods entering
international trade. The new global environment for food trade
places considerable obligations to implement and enforce riskbased
food control strategies (FAO/OMS, 2003a). To ensure a riskbased
decision-making process, a risk analysis model finds its
statement in the working principles in the framework of the Codex
Alimentarius. Although there should be a functional separation
between RA and RM, an interaction between risk managers and risk
assessors is essential for practical application (Codex Alimentarius
Commission, 2007). The management of the food control systems
varies from one country to another depending on the historical
context and the socio-economic and political imperatives.
Article XXb of the GATT 1947 allowed exceptions for measures
necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health (WTO,
2013a). But liberalization remains a challenge for the health. The
WTO created in 1995, has introduced a number of trade agreements
concerning these measures including the SPS Agreement.
Despite these agreements, several different regulations, lack of
scientific evidence and any exceptions of the article (art.) 2.2 have
been brought in front of the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB). The art.
2.2 of the SPS Agreement has proposed a sufficient scientific evidence
for each measure (WTO, 1995). This scientific evidence had
become a great discussion between countries. However, food safety
quality policy determines the national food control system adopted
by a country. This policy depends mainly on three factors:
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