Over the medium-term, TNCs plan to expand their operations abroad, especially through foreign sales and exports. Among the preferred modes of entry in foreign markets, cross-border mergers and acquisitions are gaining importance.
This year’s WIPS confirms TNCs’ preferences on the ways TNCs enter foreign markets, with non-equity modes (NEM) the least preferred. Similar to last year’s results, in 2014, only 19 per cent (a percentage still higher than last year’s) of TNCs executives considered them important in 2013, and 24 per cent foresaw that they would be relevant in 2016 (figure 6). This compares with percentages above 30 per cent just a couple of years ago. Lower interest in NEMs might be related to recent re-shoring trends and their underlying factors: favorable production conditions in developed economies and rising production and management costs in 2 distant overseas markets. On the other hand, this could also signal better conditions for equity modes. In fact, after a difficult year on the equity markets, the importance of M&As seems to have recovered, as almost 30 per cent of respondents considered M&As an important mode of entry in 2013, and this increases to 38 per cent of respondents who considered M&As to be important by 2016. Greenfield and brownfield investments maintained their relevance in TNCs’ internationalization strategies with 30−40 per cent of TNCs rating them as important; however, both modes lost some ground in importance compared with previous years when these percentages were about 5 to 10 points higher. Nevertheless, greenfield investments, as in the case of M&As, are set to grow. On the other hand, brownfield projects are expected to remain constant between 2013 and 2016. Similar to last year’s results, exports seem to be the most preferred mode of entry, selected by 40 per cent of respondents as important in 2013 and set to increase in the following years.
According to the WIPS, TNCs across all sectors will either maintain the current level or increase FDI in the next two years, 2015– 2016. After a year of consolidation and falling investments, primary sector TNCs were the most bullish about their foreign investments in the next years, with more than 70 per cent of respondents indicating that they will be increasing their FDI expenditures above 2013 levels (figure 7). In contrast, 47 per cent of TNCs in the manufacturing sector and 50 per cent of those in services expected an increase in 2014. For the current year, investors in the secondary and tertiary sectors still expressed some uncertainties about their plans, with some low-tech industries in manufacturing such as textiles, wood and wood products, construction products, metals, and machinery forecasting decreases of expenditures in the short-term. However, by 2016, almost half of TNCs in all sectors expect to see an increase in their FDI expenditures, in line with their rising optimism for the global investment environment.
Differences in global perspectives across regional groups are partly translated into investments plans. Despite uncertainties for 2014, almost half (48 per cent) of respondents from developed countries and 56 per cent of those from developing countries forecast an increase in their FDI expenditures over 2013 levels. Developed country investors’ forecasts of their foreign expenditures are quite stable over the short term with only minimal changes in the share of those who would reduce their investment levels in the medium term, while there is an increase of investments of firms based in developing countries for the year 2016. In particular, about 7 per cent of developed-country TNCs expect their FDI budgets to decline in 2016, compared with 3 per cent of TNCs from developing countries (figure 9). The constant spending plans of investors in developed economies could be yet another indication of their cautious approach to foreign investment and their deep uncertainty about the global macroeconomic scenario. On the contrary, TNCs from developing and transition economies are more confident about growth and internationalization opportunities. These dynamics may reinforce the long-term trend of greater participation by TNCs from emerging economies in global FDI flows.
ระยะปานกลาง- TNCs แผนการขยายการดำเนินงานในต่างประเทศ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งผ่านการขายต่างประเทศและส่งออก ในโหมดที่ต้องการของตลาดต่างประเทศ อนาคตข้ามแดนกำลังได้รับความสำคัญ This year’s WIPS confirms TNCs’ preferences on the ways TNCs enter foreign markets, with non-equity modes (NEM) the least preferred. Similar to last year’s results, in 2014, only 19 per cent (a percentage still higher than last year’s) of TNCs executives considered them important in 2013, and 24 per cent foresaw that they would be relevant in 2016 (figure 6). This compares with percentages above 30 per cent just a couple of years ago. Lower interest in NEMs might be related to recent re-shoring trends and their underlying factors: favorable production conditions in developed economies and rising production and management costs in 2 distant overseas markets. On the other hand, this could also signal better conditions for equity modes. In fact, after a difficult year on the equity markets, the importance of M&As seems to have recovered, as almost 30 per cent of respondents considered M&As an important mode of entry in 2013, and this increases to 38 per cent of respondents who considered M&As to be important by 2016. Greenfield and brownfield investments maintained their relevance in TNCs’ internationalization strategies with 30−40 per cent of TNCs rating them as important; however, both modes lost some ground in importance compared with previous years when these percentages were about 5 to 10 points higher. Nevertheless, greenfield investments, as in the case of M&As, are set to grow. On the other hand, brownfield projects are expected to remain constant between 2013 and 2016. Similar to last year’s results, exports seem to be the most preferred mode of entry, selected by 40 per cent of respondents as important in 2013 and set to increase in the following years. ตาม WIPS, TNCs ทั่วทุกภาคส่วนจะรักษาระดับปัจจุบัน หรือเพิ่มขึ้นจากต่างประเทศในอีกสองปี 2015 – 2016 หลังจากปีของการรวมและการลงทุนลดลง TNCs ภาคหลักได้รั้นที่สุดเกี่ยวกับการลงทุนต่างประเทศในปีถัดไป มากกว่า 70 เปอร์เซ็นต์ของผู้ตอบที่ระบุว่า พวกเขาจะเพิ่มค่าใช้จ่ายของประเทศเหนือระดับ 2013 (รูป 7) ตรงกันข้าม การเพิ่มขึ้นในปี 2557 คาด 47 เปอร์เซ็นต์ TNCs ในภาคการผลิตและร้อยละ 50 ของผู้ที่อยู่ในบริการ สำหรับปีปัจจุบัน นักลงทุนในภาครอง และระดับอุดมศึกษายังคงแสดงความไม่แน่นอนบางอย่างเกี่ยวกับแผนการของพวกเขา กับบางจำอุตสาหกรรมเช่นสิ่งทอ ไม้ และผลิตภัณฑ์ไม้ ผลิตภัณฑ์ก่อสร้าง โลหะ และเครื่องจักรการคาดการณ์การลดลงของค่าใช้จ่ายในระยะสั้น อย่างไรก็ตาม 2559 ครึ่งหนึ่งของ TNCs ในทุกภาคส่วนคาดว่าจะเห็นการเพิ่มขึ้นของพวกเขาจากต่างประเทศค่าใช้จ่าย สอดคล้องกับการมองในแง่ดีเพิ่มขึ้นสำหรับสภาพแวดล้อมการลงทุนทั่วโลก Differences in global perspectives across regional groups are partly translated into investments plans. Despite uncertainties for 2014, almost half (48 per cent) of respondents from developed countries and 56 per cent of those from developing countries forecast an increase in their FDI expenditures over 2013 levels. Developed country investors’ forecasts of their foreign expenditures are quite stable over the short term with only minimal changes in the share of those who would reduce their investment levels in the medium term, while there is an increase of investments of firms based in developing countries for the year 2016. In particular, about 7 per cent of developed-country TNCs expect their FDI budgets to decline in 2016, compared with 3 per cent of TNCs from developing countries (figure 9). The constant spending plans of investors in developed economies could be yet another indication of their cautious approach to foreign investment and their deep uncertainty about the global macroeconomic scenario. On the contrary, TNCs from developing and transition economies are more confident about growth and internationalization opportunities. These dynamics may reinforce the long-term trend of greater participation by TNCs from emerging economies in global FDI flows.
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