Functional foodsFunctional foods provide benefits over and above their basic nutritional value. It covers a wide range of products.Examples:• dairy products containing probiotic bacteria;• everyday foods fortified with a nutrient that would not usually bepresent e.g. folic acid fortified bread or breakfast cereals.Food processing: nutrition and health claimsA nutrition claim states what a food contains (or does not contain) or contains in reduced or increased amounts.Examples are: low fat, no added sugar and high in fibre.A health claim is any statement on labels, advertising or other marketing products if a food or one of its ingredients has been agreed by experts to provide health benefits. Example: Calcium is needed for the maintenance of normal bones. Heat Processing: Use of high temperatures to destroy enzymes and microorganismsthat could reduce quality and/or safety of food.tnaooarazrudouz giginoiaqnasmsfnezssnooiodrsnneonoisy1. Blanching - A mild heat treatment that primarily destroys enzymes and reduces microbial load (does not necessarily kill pathogens), further preservation methods needed to extend shelf life. Example: Vegetables, frozen, cannedCaradonna )2. Pasteurization - A mild heat treatment used primarily to destroy pathogenic organisms but it also destroys enzymes and reduces microbial load. Requires an addition preservation method to extend shelf life (example: refrigeration, drying).3. Commercial Sterilization – A severe heat treatment that destroys pathogenic and many microorganisms that could spoil food. Extends shelf life, room temperature stable. (canned foods)4. Sterilization - A very severe heat treatment that destroys all microorganisms. METHODS OF HEAT TRANSFER1. Conduction: Heating of solids; Slow heating; Heating of fixed molecules in a row.2. Convection: Faster heating of liquids and gas; Hot liquids and gasses raise, coole