And it is true that those who do not do not share in the offices and honours of the state are just like resident aliens. Two conclu – sions also emerge from our discussion of the question, Is the excellence of the good man identical with that of the good citizen, or different from it? The first is that there are some states in which the good man and the good citizen are identi - cal, and some in which they are different. The second is that, in states of the former type, it is not all good citizens who are also good men, but only those among them who hold the position of statesmen - in other words those who direct or are capable of directing, either alone or in conjunction with oth – ers , the conduct of the public affairs.