As the cross sections of the railway track steel are fairly large, the thermo-mechanical processing becomes nonuniform. During the thermo-mechanical processing, there are spatial variations in cooling rates across the cross-section as well as the length of the rail. As a result, different locations undergo a transformation at the different time, resulting in residual stresses in the rail. The residual stress developed in the hot rolling process as well as during the cooling process leads to bending or fatigue failure before and/or during service . The phase transformation (austenite/pearlite or austenite to bainite) in a material result inspecific volume change that cannot be elastically accommodated and results in plastic deformation.