3. Research Methodology
The population for this research was school teachers throughout Malaysia. A stratified random sampling
was applied to select the sample for this study. Firstly, the administrative zones of all the states in Malaysia were
identified to attempt fairness in selecting the schools according to the number of schools located in the zones. The
identified zones are Northern Zone; Eastern Zone; Southern Zone; Central Zone and East Malaysia. The schools
were randomly selected from each zone according to their locations (either rural or urban). From the random
stratified sampling, a total of 212 secondary schools and 154 primary schools have been selected, in which 20
teachers from each school were selected as the participants in this study. Hence, a total of 7,320 primary and
secondary school teachers have been identified.