About 400 years ago, according to historical records, oyster (Ostrea spp.) spat was collected and cultured by setting bamboo sticks and stone slabs vertically into the lower tidal zone.
•A few hundred years ago, cultivation of the non-sessile razor clam (Sinonovacula constricta) was mentioned. A few other non-sessile molluscs, such as the ark shell (Tegillarca granosa), the hard clam (Meretrix meretrix) and the clam (Venerupis variegata), were also farmed by scattering natural seed on selected sea beds.