I. Perceptions of Families regarding their Infants’ Illnesses and Treatments: When parents first were told their children had CHD, they were shocked and feared their children may not survive (“Pen Laew Arj Mai Rod”). Parents realized heart disease was serious and a functioning heart was needed to survive. None of the families previously had encountered a family member with heart disease and only knew about it from watching television.
caused by previous karma brought on by karma of parents, karma of the child, or karma of both parents and the child.
caused by the mother’s behavior during pregnancy. They presumed consuming certain food and drink.
Other parents believed taking certain medicines (pain pills, migraine medication or drugs for gastritis), doing certain activities (sewing or using a hot-steamed rock compress on the mother’s stomach to destroy a uterine tumor) or being exposed to pollutants (cigarette smoke or chemical fumes), during pregnancy, could have caused their children to have heart disease.