The most distal 15 mm of the tail tip of each lizard was excised
using a sterilized scalpel. Individual lizards were released at their
site of capture after tissue sampling. Tissue samples were preserved
in 95% ethanol before they were deposited at Hangzhou
Normal University and assigned voucher numbers identified by
locality-haplotype numbers. Total DNA was extracted using standard
phenol–chloroform methods (Sambrook et al., 1989), and
stored at 80 C until ready for use.