Fig. 2. Effect of antagonists on rot development on small
grape bunches. Small bunches (6–10 berries) were dipped in
an antagonist cell suspension (ca. 5107 CFU:ml). When dry,
the clusters were sprayed to run-off with a 5104 CFU:ml
fungal spore suspension. Rot (percent of decayed berries) was
evaluated twice, 4–6 days after inoculation. Bars indicate
means and standard errors.
number of CFU:berry found 3 weeks after a
single spray did not differ from that found on
clusters sprayed weekly (Fig. 3A). Both isolates
survived well on fruit stored for one month at 0
or 20°C (Fig. 3B).
3.5. Field experiments
Figs. 4 and 5 summarize the effects of the
different treatments on decay development in
wine and table grapes, respectively. The predominant
rot pathogen in the experiments on wine
grapes, conducted in the Golan heights, was Aspergillus
niger affecting 32, 7 and 37% of the
clusters in the untreated control in 1996, 1997 and
Fig. 3. Antagonist survival. Grape clusters were sprayed with
a suspension of yeast cells (108 CFU:ml). When the clusters
had dried and every following week, five berries were sampled
from each plot into sterile cups with 20 ml of sterile water. The
berries were shaken for 1 h on a rotary shaker and serial
dilutions of the wash were plated on BYA in petri dishes.
Colonies were counted after 3–4 days at room temperature. In
A, lines represent survival on clusters that were sprayed weekly
and bars represent survival 3 weeks after a single application.
Survival during storage after a weekly field application (B) was
followed in grapes held at 0° (solid line) or at 20°C (dashed
lines).
with the control bunches, while A42 gave significant
(P0.05) reductions of 36, 58 and 43%,
respectively. The extent of rot increased as the
holding time at 20°C increased.
3.4. Sur6i6al of antagonists in the field
During the experimental periods in 1996 and
1997, both isolates survived well under the conditions
existing in the field and storage (Fig. 3A and
B are the results from the 1996 experiment). The
Fig. 2. Effect of antagonists on rot development on small
grape bunches. Small bunches (6–10 berries) were dipped in
an antagonist cell suspension (ca. 5107 CFU:ml). When dry,
the clusters were sprayed to run-off with a 5104 CFU:ml
fungal spore suspension. Rot (percent of decayed berries) was
evaluated twice, 4–6 days after inoculation. Bars indicate
means and standard errors.
number of CFU:berry found 3 weeks after a
single spray did not differ from that found on
clusters sprayed weekly (Fig. 3A). Both isolates
survived well on fruit stored for one month at 0
or 20°C (Fig. 3B).
3.5. Field experiments
Figs. 4 and 5 summarize the effects of the
different treatments on decay development in
wine and table grapes, respectively. The predominant
rot pathogen in the experiments on wine
grapes, conducted in the Golan heights, was Aspergillus
niger affecting 32, 7 and 37% of the
clusters in the untreated control in 1996, 1997 and
Fig. 3. Antagonist survival. Grape clusters were sprayed with
a suspension of yeast cells (108 CFU:ml). When the clusters
had dried and every following week, five berries were sampled
from each plot into sterile cups with 20 ml of sterile water. The
berries were shaken for 1 h on a rotary shaker and serial
dilutions of the wash were plated on BYA in petri dishes.
Colonies were counted after 3–4 days at room temperature. In
A, lines represent survival on clusters that were sprayed weekly
and bars represent survival 3 weeks after a single application.
Survival during storage after a weekly field application (B) was
followed in grapes held at 0° (solid line) or at 20°C (dashed
lines).
with the control bunches, while A42 gave significant
(P0.05) reductions of 36, 58 and 43%,
respectively. The extent of rot increased as the
holding time at 20°C increased.
3.4. Sur6i6al of antagonists in the field
During the experimental periods in 1996 and
1997, both isolates survived well under the conditions
existing in the field and storage (Fig. 3A and
B are the results from the 1996 experiment). The
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