Both ISSR and SRAP scoreswere recorded as either present (1) or absent
(0); bands with the same molecular weight were considered to be
allelic, while weak or ambiguous bands were excluded from
the analysis. A binary data matrix was compiled for each primer set.
Most of the following analyses were carried out based on adjoined
matrix data.
Genetic diversity was described by three molecular diversity
indices: (1) the number (percentage) of polymorphic loci (P) at the
99% criterion; (2) the mean expected heterozygosity (H), for a
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; and (3) the effective mean number
of alleles (Ae). The three parameters and Nei's standard genetic
distance (D) [9] were calculated by PopGen32 [10]. Phylogeny
trees, based on UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with
Arithmetic averages), were constructed using NTSYSpc 2.11f [11].
One thousand permutations were performed to evaluate the
robustness of the groupings by bootstrapping. Genetic structures,
genetic variation in three hierarchies (population, subpopulation
and individuals), were inferred from AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular
Variation) using Arlequin 3.1 [12]. The FST (Fixation index) was
calculated with the formula [Equation 1]:
Both ISSR and SRAP scoreswere recorded as either present (1) or absent
(0); bands with the same molecular weight were considered to be
allelic, while weak or ambiguous bands were excluded from
the analysis. A binary data matrix was compiled for each primer set.
Most of the following analyses were carried out based on adjoined
matrix data.
Genetic diversity was described by three molecular diversity
indices: (1) the number (percentage) of polymorphic loci (P) at the
99% criterion; (2) the mean expected heterozygosity (H), for a
Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; and (3) the effective mean number
of alleles (Ae). The three parameters and Nei's standard genetic
distance (D) [9] were calculated by PopGen32 [10]. Phylogeny
trees, based on UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with
Arithmetic averages), were constructed using NTSYSpc 2.11f [11].
One thousand permutations were performed to evaluate the
robustness of the groupings by bootstrapping. Genetic structures,
genetic variation in three hierarchies (population, subpopulation
and individuals), were inferred from AMOVA (Analysis of Molecular
Variation) using Arlequin 3.1 [12]. The FST (Fixation index) was
calculated with the formula [Equation 1]:
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