Therefore, fish authentication may not only be significant froma sanitary point of view because of potentially dangerous toxicor allergenic substances, but also environmentally crucial whereendangered species are threatened by IUU fishing and trade aroundthe world (Ward et al., 2008; Wong and Hanner, 2008; Holmeset al., 2009), estimated to be worth between D 10bn and D 20bn peryear worldwide (Agnew et al., 2009).