The other microorganisms were grown in nutrient broth at 35 C for 18 h.
All test microorganisms were enumerated in nutrient broth or malt extract broth by serial dilution method. Their final cell concentrations were 106–107 cfu/mL. The agar diffusion method (Sagdic, 2003; Sagdic, Aksoy, & Ozkan, 2006) was used to detect antimicrobial activity.
Each microorganism (250 mL) was added into a flask containing 25 mL sterile nutrient agar or malt extract agar at 45 C and poured into Petri dishes (9 cm diameter).