The mitigation strategy and the health action plan
established by the company should include 1) long-term
monitoring and evaluation (M&E), and 2) verification
programs.
For a large and geographically diverse project, a formal
system of monitoring (surveillance) should be
considered, and as appropriate,
(Ezzati, 2005).
For the M&E plan to capture early effects and
unanticipated consequences, it should be based on
appropriate, applicable, and relevant key performance
indicators (KPIs) (World Bank, 2004). Defining KPIs can
be a complex undertaking, and specialized consultation
is often advisable.
Monitoring strategies should take into consideration that
impacts may affect both the project and the community.
For instance, the project workforce is not only part of the
inside-the-fence-line community but also sometimes part
of the wider external rural or urban environment
surrounding the project. Therefore, many of the
monitoring strategies originate inside the fence line and
extend outside to specific project-affected areas.
Monitoring strategies should detect both acute and
chronic changes within the defined potentially affected
communities. Acute changes are those that can be
the local health
information system should be reviewed for fit and
reliability
Monitoring
manifested within weeks to months, such as acute
disease-rate changes for malaria or respiratory
infections. In contrast, chronic noncommunicable
disease-rate changes for cardiovascular disorders
The mitigation strategy and the health action planestablished by the company should include 1) long-termmonitoring and evaluation (M&E), and 2) verificationprograms.For a large and geographically diverse project, a formalsystem of monitoring (surveillance) should beconsidered, and as appropriate,(Ezzati, 2005).For the M&E plan to capture early effects andunanticipated consequences, it should be based onappropriate, applicable, and relevant key performanceindicators (KPIs) (World Bank, 2004). Defining KPIs canbe a complex undertaking, and specialized consultationis often advisable.Monitoring strategies should take into consideration thatimpacts may affect both the project and the community.For instance, the project workforce is not only part of theinside-the-fence-line community but also sometimes partof the wider external rural or urban environmentsurrounding the project. Therefore, many of themonitoring strategies originate inside the fence line andextend outside to specific project-affected areas.Monitoring strategies should detect both acute andchronic changes within the defined potentially affectedcommunities. Acute changes are those that can bethe local healthinformation system should be reviewed for fit andreliabilityMonitoringmanifested within weeks to months, such as acutedisease-rate changes for malaria or respiratoryinfections. In contrast, chronic noncommunicabledisease-rate changes for cardiovascular disorders
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