A pretest using Ph.D. students helped refine the
items. A pilot study using elementary school students
from area school was performed to ensure that the test
score was understandable and measured the proposed
factors. Alpha reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) estimates
is 0.8501 better than acceptable level of 0.8. Both preand
post-tests were closed book, and closed notes. The
potential test scores ranged from 0 to 100. The duration
of the session and tests were the same for two elearning
groups. The learning outcome was measured
by the difference between individual pre- and post-test
scores (represented as ‘post-gain’). The pre- and posttests
were graded by two different teaching assistants
who knew nothing about the experimental treatments.