The uncertainties in planning phase of a construction project can be managed by
timely market orientation, communication with the client over the long-term project
requirements and with the planner over the design specifications. The project risks in
the realization phase, often relate to site conditions or availability of material and
equipment, and are managed through research and investigation and good
management (permits and approvals on time, skilful workers, and sound contracts).
The common practice of carrying out risk analysis for such a project is limited to the
planning and realization phases, i.e., identifying and dealing with the top 10 risks.
However, a civil engineering project and its environment are subject to changes, not
only during the design and construction phase, but also in the exploitation phase. APP
identifies and manages these uncertainties by proposing actions to deal with changes
in client requirements, changes in design, changes in scope due to application of new
materials or innovative construction methods or changes in client requirements (Table
1). These are not a part of risk management as common practice.
Similarly, APP proposes monitoring signposts such as berth utilization to keep track
of market developments; this would signal a trigger for capacity expansion on time,
thereby not only avoiding negative effects such as congestion in the port and reduced
service levels but even seizing the opportunity to attract more cargo and improve the
port’s competitive position. In general, in most organizations, market developments
and other strategic risks are monitored at the corporate and strategic level, and not at
the project level.
APP combines risk analysis and strategic planning into a single activity carried out in
the same time frame over the entire planning horizon. This means that the
management is not taken by surprise: it has a contingency plan and reserves.
Monitoring and updating are a part of the cycle, so that a clear and complete picture
of the status and the viability of the project is available at any given time.
Reassessment and proactive stopping of the project are also a part of the planning
cycle.