toxic and sublethal e!ects of some essential oil
terpenes and phenols have been investigated using the tobacco cutworm (Spodoptera litura) and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae)
as model pest species. In this paper I review (i) the range of biological activities of essential oils and their constituents; (ii) their toxicity
and proposed mode-of-action in insects; (iii) their potential health and environmental impacts as crop protectants; and (iv)
commercialization of pesticides based on plant essential oils