The second disadvantage of using ROI to evaluate performance is that it can encourage myopic behavior. An advantage of ROI is that it encourages cost reduction. However, while cost reduction can result in more efficiency, it can also result in lower efficiency in the long run. The emphasis on short-run results at the expense of the long run is myopic behavior. Examples are laying off more highly paid employees, cutting the advertising budget, delaying promotions and employee training, reducing preventive maintenance, and using cheaper materials.