1. At the preconventional level of moral reasoning, the emphasis is on avoiding punishment and looking out for your own welfare and needs
Moral reasoning is self-oriented
2. At the conventional level of moral reasoning, moral reasoning is based on social rules and laws
Social approval and being a dutiful citizen are important
3. At the highest level, the postconventional level of moral reasoning, moral reasoning is based on self- chosen ethical principles
Human rights taking precedent over laws; the avoidance of self-condemnation for violating such principles