From Fig. 4a, the PCA of the volatile substances in the goji berries of the three varieties showed that Dim1 is 55.2%, Dim2 is 20.6%, and the cumulative contribution rate is 75.8%. Sample A was located in the negative area of Dim1 and the positive area of Dim2; sample B was mostly located in the negative area of Dim1 and the negative area of Dim2; and sample C was located in the positive area of Dim1 and the positive area of Dim2. The three samples were in different quadrants, indicating significant differences in the volatile components of different varieties of goji berries.