We can study MNEs' responses to each of these classes of decision problems colored by national boundaries and differences, deriving lessons for business (and public) policy. Yet the heterogeneity of the problems, coupled with the diverse approaches and research methods of business administration's sub fields, exerts centrifugal forces that scatter the research results
and make it difficult to capture their potential intellectual spillovers. The whole resists being more than the sum of its parts, and the researcher well acquainted with one set of parts incurs the far-from-home traveler's costs of learning the other parts.