Studies on Stress Management: A Case Study of Avatar
Steel Industries, Chennai, India
Abstract—In this work the analysis has been done on stress
management of Avtar steel indudtries, Chennai.Asample size
of 100 is taken for the purpose of analysis made from primary
and secondary data. Out of the total sample most of the
respondents are male and many are between 50 and above.
Most of the respondents are under graduate and have
professional qualification. Most of the respondents have 10-15
years of long association with the organization. Almost all the
respondents are satisfied with the physical and psychological
working condition of the organization, and only fewer
respondents are dissatisfied with the psychological working
condition of the organization. The opinion about the training
programs conducted by the organization is almost better,
according to majority of the respondents.
Index Terms—Working condition, stress management, work
pressure, reaction
I. INTRODUCTION AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE
A review on the previous studies on stress among the
employees is necessary to know the areas already covered.
This will help to find our new areas uncovered and to study
them in depth. The earlier studies made on stress among the
employees are briefly reviewed here. The research study of
Jamal. M [1] finds that job stressors were significantly
related to employees’ psychosomatic problems, job
satisfaction, unproductive time at the job, and absenteeism.
Type A behavior was found to be an important moderator of
the stress outcome relationship. Brief. A. P. and J. M. Atieh
[2] argues that it is not safe to assume that job conditions
that have an adverse impact on affective reactions to the job
will also have a negative impact on overall subjective wellbeing.
Fienmann [3] views stress as a psychological response
state of negative effect characterized by a persistent and a
high level of experienced anxiety or tension. Recent
research into the interaction between the mind and body
shows that we may place our body on stress ‘alert’ quite
unconsciously, because of our psychological and emotional
attitudes to stress. Anticipatory emotions like impatience,
anxiety, and anger can produce the same nerve impulses and
chemical reactions as being faced with a concrete challenge.
So when faced with a stressful situation, we must either use
up the energy created by the body to challenge or learn how
to “turn off”, the response using a conscious relaxation
technique [2]. Hans Seyle, the endocrinologist, whose
research on General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), for the
first time, revealed how human beings adapt themselves to
emotional strives and strains in their lives. According to him
emotional stress occurs in three important stages. 1. Alarm
reaction stage 2. Resistance stage 3. Exhaustion stage.
Alarm reaction is caused by physical or psychological
stressors. Resistances are brought about by
Aprinocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) of the body.
Exhaustion follows when ACTH dwindles as a result of
continual stress. According to Stephen .P. Robbins, “stress
related headaches are the leading cause of loss of work time
in U. S. industry”. Cooper and Marshall* visualize stress as
characteristics of both the focal individual and his
environment. They designate the internal and external
convulsive forces as ‘pressures’ or ‘stressors’ and the
resulting stalk of the organism on stress. Geeta Kumari and
K.M.Pandey[4] worked on Job Satisfaction in Public Sector
and Private Sector: A Comparison.Their main findings are
given below : Public Sector versus Private Sector
comparisons are a debate which seems to be a never ending
topic. It is very difficult to take stand for either of these two
forms of administration. The reason behind that is not
unknown but obvious as both provide scopes in different
ways. Job satisfaction describes how content an individual
is with his or her job. The happier people are within their
job, the more satisfied they are said to be. This paper
surveys both the sectors in most of the aspects of analysis..
As the current findings show, jobholders vary regarding the
extent of ambivalence experienced with respect to their
attitude toward their job. The current findings also open up
opportunities for further research regarding the
consequences of job ambivalence. For instance, the present
findings imply that job performance of individuals with
high versus low job ambivalence may fluctuate such that
job performance is comparatively high when positive
beliefs and affective experiences are salient and thus
predominate at a certain point in time but that their
performance may be comparatively low at other times when
negative beliefs and affective experiences are salient and
predominate. In this respect, research could, for instance,
collect manager perceptions of performance consistency.
Future research should aim to replicate the present findings
with larger and more diverse samples as well as profit from
the use of multiple-item scales to measure job performance.
II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research is defined as human activity based on
intellectual application in the investigation of matter. The
primary purpose for applied research is discovering,
interpreting, and the development of methods and systems
for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety
of scientific matters of our world and the universe. Research
can use the scientific method, but it is not necessary all the
time to have a scientific approach. Scientific research relies
on the application of the scientific method and provides
scientific information and theories for the explanation of the
nature and the properties of the world around us. It makes
practical applications possible. Research methodology is a
way to systematically solve the research problem. The
research methodology in the present study deals with
research design, data collection methods, sampling methods,
survey, analysis and interpretations. Descriptive approach is
one of the most popular approaches these days. In this
approach, a problem is described by the researcher by using
questionnaire or schedule. This approach enables a
researcher to explore new areas of investigation. A research
design is the arrangement of conditions for collection and
analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance
to the research purpose with economy in procedure.
- A well structured questionnaire is framed.
- Data is collected from the employees in AVTAR
STEELS.
- Findings are made and necessary suggestions and
recommendations are given on the basis of primary data
and secondary data collected and analysed.
III. A DATA COLLECTION METHOD
The data collection method used in this research is survey
method. Here the data are systematically recorded from the
respondent
RESEARCH TOOL.
A structured questionnaire has been prepared to get the
relevant information from the respondents. The
questionnaire consists of a variety of questions presented to
the respondents for their response. The various types of
questions used in this survey are:
- Open ended questions
- Closed ended questions
- Multiple choice questions
The employees of AVTAR STEELS are the sample unit
in the survey.
The sample size chosen for this study is 100.
HR - 15
CIV - 10
ELECTRICAL - 10
STEEL - 35
ACCOUNTS - 25
COMMERCIAL - 5
The sampling type is non-probability which involves
deliberating selections of particular units constituting a
sample, which represents the universe.
STRATIFIED SAMPLING:
Stratum means a layer population from which samples
are to be selected may contain a number of layers from each
layer a few samples are selected that is why this method is
called stratified sampling.
STATISTICAL METHODS USED
- Percentage analysis
- Bars & charts
- Pie diagrams
STATISTICAL TOOLS USED
- Chi-square
- Weighted average
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The various data that were collected during the survey are
tabled below. Table 1 records the data of the age of the
employees and their percentage among the respondents.