where yt is either stock prices (ln(SET index)) or money supply (ln(M2)),
SDit are centred seasonal dummies which sum to zero over a full year, DUt = 1 if t >
TB and 0 otherwise, D(TB)t = 1 if t = TB + 1 and 0 otherwise, DTt = 1 if t > TB and 0
otherwise. This model allow a sudden change in the level followed by a shift in the
slope of the trend function at a time TB (1 < TB < T). The null hypothesis of unit root
(H0), ρ = 1 and φ1 = φ2 = 0, and the alternative of trend stationary (Ha), ρ < 1.