The experimental group received massage from a
physiotherapist (the primary researcher) at the beginning
of the active phase of labour, during the period of 4–5 cm
of cervical dilation and during uterine contractions for 30
minutes. The intensity of the massage was determined by
the participant, who was instructed to request greater or
lesser force during execution of the massage according to
her preference. The technique was applied between T10 and
S4, which corresponds to the path of the hypogastric plexus
and the pudendal nerve, responsible for innervation of the
paravertebral ganglia, delivery canal, and perineum. The
massage consisted of rhythmic, ascending, kneading hand
movements and a return with sliding through the lateral
region of the trunk in association with sacral pressure. The
participants were also instructed to choose their preferred
position for receiving massage, ie, sitting, lateral decubitus,
or standing with the trunk bending forward. This group
also received other routine maternity ward care, discussed
further below.