Former Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau once remarked that for Canada, living on the northern border of the United States is “like sleeping with an elephant. No matter how friendly and even tempered the beast . . . one is affected by every twitch and grunt. Hence, Canadian diplomacy is generally supportive of the United States. Canada's membership in the Group of Eight (G8) industrialized powers, and its participation in NATO operations (Kosovo and Afghanistan) and U.S.-led coalitions (Korea and 1991 Gulf War) confirm this observation.