The expansion of kaolin-group minerals showed the same trends within almost all profiles, whether
determined using formamide (by the immediate-formamide treatment) or glycerol (by the HWG treatment).
Except where both treatments led to complete intercalation, the HWG treatment always caused
more expansion of kaolin-group minerals than obtained immediately after formamide application. The
HWG treatment expanded some non-soil kaolinite samples, but well-crystallized kaolinite was not affected
by this treatment. The DMSO treatment expanded kaolin-group minerals in the soils to a similar extent
as the HWG treatment and also expanded well-crystallized kaolinite. The degree of expansion resulting
from the immediate-formamide treatment matched abundance of typical halloysite particle shapes more
closely than the degree of expansion given by the other intercalation treatments. The degree of expansion
immediately following formamide application could be diminished, if the samples were heated at 40 _+
5~