This study uses a multilayered framework of different independent school and teacher variables to study
which factors are related to the use of ICT for teaching and learning in Flemish (Belgium) primary
schools. Special attention is paid to widely accepted technology uses by teachers, which is labelled as
‘Institutionalised ICT use’. A questionnaire has been administered to a representative teacher sample
(N ¼ 433) in 53 Flemish primary schools. Factor analyses and multilevel hierarchical regression analyses
have been conducted. The results of the multilevel analysis show that ‘Institutionalised ICT use’ should
not only be considered as a teacher phenomenon but also as a school phenomenon. The null model
shows that about 14% of the variance in ICT use of teachers is due to between-school differences. In a
final model, the variables ‘ICT professional development’, ‘ICT competences’, ‘developmental educational
beliefs’, and ‘schools’ ICT vision and policy’ showed a positive association with ‘Institutionalised ICT use’.
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